Free sample - Principles of perception. translation missing

Principles of perception. Principles of perception1. The principle of figure and ground In this principle, the terms figure and ground are used to explain how people use the elements of the scene, which contain a similarity in shape and appearance and group them together as one whole entity. All similar elements (figure) tend to be perceptually contrasted with dissimilar elements (ground) in order to create the impression of a whole (Spelke 1993, p. 1490). For instance, in a picture of a lighthouse with blue horizontal lines, the lighthouse stands out as the figure, while the horizontal blue lines are perceived as the ground (Lohr 2000, p. 49). However, it is not always easy to separate visually the figure from the ground. Sometimes, creative artists may make drawings that illustrate how difficult it is to pick out the figure from the ground on which it is positioned. Psychologists have traditionally been using carefully designed art that plays around with the figure and ground in profoundly fascinating ways (Goldstein 2009, p. 298). In such works of art, the figure and ground appear to interchange. However, nature also provides perceptual intrigues that are difficult to point out without the use of the principle of figure and ground. In most cases, this takes the form of camouflage, whereby the principle facilitates the breakdown of figure and ground. The objective is always to make the figure seem like the ground so much it disappears from view. It is only with immense difficulty that one can separate a chameleon from the green leaf stalk on which it is perched. This is because the figure and ground have been merged together. This principle perfectly explains the tendency by some people in an organization to hide their true attributes mainly through pretense. A prospective employee who perceives his background to constitute an undesirable trait may suppress this negative attribute, by pretending to possess only the attributes that are needed for the job. For instance, they may claim to have associations with renowned professionals in a field for which the employer is seeking a job candidate. Employer may have to request for further information in order to determine whether the employees are telling the truth or not. 2. The principle of similarity, proximity, and continuity The principle of similarity indicates that objects that share visual characteristics like color, shape, texture, size, orientation or value are seen as belonging together. These features make similar objects create varying impressions, even though they are equidistant from those objects that are the odd ones out within the group. For instance, in a groups of small and large circles, the large circles will appear to belong together just because of the similarity in their size. The same thing will apply to the small circles. In terms of proximity, things that are closer together are regarded as belonging together. For instance, when horizontal rows made up of small circles are closer to each other than the vertical columns that they form, they are perceived as two vertical lines. In terms of continuity, it becomes easy to predict the preference for continuous figures. For instance, the image of a black cross is perceived as two crossed lines instead of four lines that meet at the center. The principle of similarity, proximity, and continuity explains the behavior of people within organizations, whereby individuals are judged according to the people they associate with (Ferguson 2004, p. 39). When people adopt mannerisms, habits, memberships in certain clubs and societies, likes, and dislikes that are typical of a given caliber of people, they are automatically classified in the same group with such people. The concept of proximity is used to determine the commonness of purpose among everyone within the organization, despite the various individual differences, personality traits, and personal interests among them. Similarly, the concept of continuity defines the disposition by people in an organization to appreciate success in its entirety without paying attention to personal sacrifices of certain individuals, exceptional transformational leadership qualities of the manager or some unethical behavior among some employees in efforts to achieve the desired outcome. Â   References Ferguson, M 2004, How social perception can automatically influence behavior, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 33-39. Goldstein, B 2009, Sensation and perception, Penguin Books, New York. Lohr, L 2000, ‘Three Principles of Perception for Instructional Interface Design’, Educational Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 45-52. Spelke, E 1993, ‘Gestalt relations and object perception: a developmental study’ Perception, Vol. 22, No. 12, pp. 1483 – 1501.

To get involved in the case to explain the legal content Essay

To get involved in the case to explain the legal content - Essay Example 736). The first step of setting this particular kind of business structure involves finding a name, which is dissimilar from any other company. However, since your business already has a name, this step will not be necessary. Next step that you will need to consider is filing of your paperwork, also called Articles of Organization (Zhang, 2011, p. 864). You will subsequently need to meet all payment associated with filing of such articles. The next step will involve the creation of an operating agreement, which will lay the framework of how to run the LLC (Oh, 2010, p. 122). It is essential at this point to point that, the operating agreement will define the duties and rights of every member of the LLC. It will also be necessary to make some publications. The next crucial step will involve acquiring permits and licenses that are necessary for the business to operate (Sjà ¶grà ©n et al., 2011, p. 360). Other steps that you may also consider include hiring of employees and announcing the business. Though, you already have TREVCO as the business name, should you consider changing this name as you set on a new business structure, then you need to factor some details. The first requirement for finding an appropriate name for this LLC is total compliance with all governing state rules regarding the names of LLCs (Lauesen, 2011, p. 572). I suggest that you assign one member of the customer relation (CR) to find all the details that pertain to this matter. You may also contact the office within the state government, whose duty involves regulation of corporations and LLCs. A number of rules exist that guide on how to choose a name for any LLC (Gelderblom et al., 2013, p. 1058). First, the chosen name must be original. This implies that the chosen name must not be same as any other LLC, which is already in the file that is in custody of the state government office. The chosen

The Universe Next Door Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Universe Next Door - Assignment Example The main question from the worldview to each individual is how do you view or see the world? In understanding worldview, therefore, there are beliefs and patterns taken by various people so as to try and explain these challenging phenomena. Some of them include the religious worldview, with the majority being the Christian worldview, scientific worldview, political worldview, culture and many different sub-categories in which one may decide to view the world, including relationships and business. In summary, the worldview can be seen as the conception of the world that is comprehensive from a particular standpoint (Holmes 5). My personal world view is Christian worldview. My personal beliefs and experiences have made me decide that the Christian worldview explains and makes me understand challenging phenomena in the world. In supporting the Christian worldview, there are various terms that have to be understood. The changing patterns and ways of life and the world at large are consid ered worldview according to personal assertion and observation. Christian worldview tries to explain this changing pattern hence making it is easy for me to understand and explain various things in my environment. It is important to understand the terms like reality, ignorance and informed view when trying to explain the Christian Worldview perspective. The reality of the world is usually expressed by the patterns affecting one’s daily life, people, therefore, develop beliefs and faith. Ignorance is taken to be the lack of knowledge or idea about something but has always been not accepted as an excuse for not understanding and judging what is right or wrong. Many people are ignorant since they do not have an informed view of what life is all about. People of this caliber live without goals, ambitions, visions, and dreams. An informed view can easily be acquired by gaining knowledge through relevant institutions such as schools. Such a view is further boosted by acquiring expe rience through day-to-day life. Whereas some of the worldview according to some people might have been acquired through learning, some can also achieve this knowledge through inheritance. The Christian worldview is composed of a culture passed down from one generation to another. The Christian worldview is based on what can be perceived to be normal, moral and logic. In reality, whatever one believes in is always true according to the context and the environment, but this is not always true in every places or instance (Walsh & Middleton 32). I find the Christian worldview to be true to the environment and the context of humanity. Personality towards worldview involves the ability to sense, think, know, and act to a specific reaction.  

The Chrysalids Theme Essay Example for Free

The Chrysalids Theme Essay â€Å"The Chrysalids† can actually be inferred from the book’s title. â€Å"Without change, there would simply be no progress or improvement†, is the main theme of this novel. The scientific definition of chrysalids is an insect in the stage of development between a larva and an adult insect. Chrysalids can also mean a preparatory or transitional state. In â€Å"The Chrysalids†, three main stages of civilizations can be identified. They are the Fringes civilizaztion, the Waknuk civilization, and the Sealand civilization. The Fringes civilization and the Waknuk civilization are both in a stage of change. The Sealand civilization is the end result of the progress of change, a well technological civilization. The Fringes people have the poorest civilization in the novel. They live in tents and shelters and often have to steal for food. On the other hand, the Waknuk people are a bit well off. They have steady lives and farm for a living. However, the Fringes people have a totally different view from the Waknuk people. The Fringes people think life is change and the reason that God sent Tribulation is because of the little change that is happening. The Waknuk people resist change. They think that if they have kept everything perfect, or in another word have kept everything the same, God would not have sent Tribulation. This belief made the Waknuk people have no progress in civilization. No newer breeds of animals are allowed and no new crops should be planted. Anything different from the original species would be cast away and thrown to the Fringes. The Fringes people had wanted change but sadly were repressed from doing so by the concepts of the Waknuk people. Similarily, as a result both the Fringes civilization and the Waknuk civilization made no further progress in their current civilizations. Unlike these two civilizations, the Sealand civilization has already made an amazing progress since the Tribulation. Large cities were built, and transportation devices like cars and helicopters were available. Most importantly, people are accepted as who they are. People who have telepathic powers like David, Rosalind, and Petra were considered as highly gifted people. Life is change, according to one of the quotes that the Spider man said. â€Å"He sent along Tribulation to bust it up and remind’em that life is change. † Change is what brings about improvement of the living just like what the Sealand lady said. â€Å"The essential quality of life is living: the essential quality of living is change; change is evolution: and we are part of it. †

J.B. Religion Essay -- essays papers

J.B. Religion At the end of Baldwin's 1952 novel Go Tell It on the Mountain, John Grimes, the young protagonist, has an epiphany or what is more commonly referred to as a visionary conversion experience, a staple of American religious life. He embraces Jesus and endures a state of ecstatic mysticism in which he experiences "his drifting soul ... anchored in the love of God" (204). John's rebirth in Christ, his being "saved," is an affirmation of one of the strongest bulwarks in the African American community during slavery, and especially since its abolition: the black church. (2) Baldwin has said that "everything in Black history comes out of the church." It is "not a redemptive force but a `bridge across troubled water,'" Kalamu ya Salaam interviewing Baldwin responded. "It is how we forged our identity" (Pratt and Stanley 182). The church is the African American's inheritance. Black writers and the characters they create are not so easily divested of it, nor should they be. Though John Gri mes's commitment to Christ is representative of black assimilation into American (white) culture, this adoption of Christian beliefs not only helped the community forge a stronger connection to their country and society, but it also enabled slaves and then emancipated Africans to shore up their sense of self-worth and value. African American literature, according to Abena P. A. Busia, "has therefore become a drive for self-definition and redefinition, and any discussion of this drive must recognize this, its proper context: We are speaking from a state of siege" (2). John Grimes's journey over the course of Go Tell It on the Mountain mirrors this movement from imprisonment to freedom, from a vague sense of self to a greater consciousn... ... dilemma of his protagonist, but also exposing the moral foundations of the institutional pillars in the black community" (Bell 224). While criticism of the church's role in supporting subtle racism is justified, it is also true that John cleverly utilizes the rich resources of the church that were available to him. Would he be better off following Roy into the streets? Or Royal, Gabriel's first son, who also found his way into the streets and the reendured a violent death? John "wanted to be with these boys in the street, heedless and thoughtless, wearing out his treacherous and bewildering body" (30). He recognizes, however, even in the semi-transparent consciousness of a man-child, that he is being forced to make "so cruel a choice" (40) between the ways of the world, which in his community can too often lead to violence and self-destruction, and the ways of God.

Assessing English Language Learners

Assessing English Language Learners Grand Canyon University ESL 533N April 10, 2013 Abstract The OTELA test is the assessment given in Ohio to determine if a student can be removed from the ELL program and be a part of the mainstream classroom. The test is similar to the ELDA test given in many other states. It is a shorter test in duration of number of questions on each part. The OTELA is compared more in detail to the ELDA, STAAR and the AZELLA. Each of these assessments are very similar although they have some differences.A few states have reported to have changed the test they have used in the past. By states changing their assessment, it shows these states are looking for a better way to determine if students should stay in the ELL program at their school. The OTELA test is the current test used in the Ohio schools. This test is used throughout Ohio in grades K-12 to assess English language proficient. This test is similar to the ELDA test but shorter number of questions are giv en. The test covers the four standards of Speaking, Reading, Writing, and Listening.When giving the test, the two sections of Reading, Writing, and Listening may be given with a group however the Speaking assessment must be given individually. The Speaking and Listening assessment comes with a CD for students to listen to and respond. The answer document provides the assessor with a rubric to easily score the students response in the Listening section. The test has some benefits and some drawbacks. On the plus side, the test is quick to administer. It is straight forward as well. The test is used to determine if the student needs to be reclassified as no longer ELL.When students are determined to be ELL, they must stay in the ELL program until their 2nd grade year. After that, if the student scores a composite score of five or higher or scores a four and completes a trail period of mainstream instruction and receives a four or five, they can be reclassified as not ELL (Ohio Departme nt of Education). Some drawbacks are this test is only used to determine if a student is continuing as an ELL student. The test results are not shared in the mainstream classroom or with the special education teachers.The test results, if shared, could be used to help drive the differentiated instruction in the classroom to best meet their needs. Students that still show they qualify as an ELL student but speak fluent English get overlooked in the mainstream classroom. The assessment should be presented to teachers in a way of bringing awareness to the needs of the ELL student regardless of their level of need. When the school is administering the test with the knowledge that it is only used to determine their eligibility as an ELL student, it cannot be used as a workable method for monitoring student progress.The test is administered then forgotten about until the results come. Then forgotten once again. It does not matter what assessment is given, but how the results are being uti lized. Closing the achievement gap is always the goal in every educational setting. In order to do this, the assessments being used in the classroom is extremely important. All states are required to administer an assessment designed to measure students' progress in â€Å"†¦ attaining proficiency, including a child's level of comprehension, speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills in English†.The English Language Development Assessment (ELDA) was developed to meet these requirements. This test focuses on four tests to tests students’ ability to speak, write, listen, and read in English (South Carolina State Department of Education, 2012). This is different from the OTELA where it does not calculate a comprehension score. This test is given throughout seven states. Some states have been using this test over serveral years and others just recently adopted this test. The STAAR (State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness) assessment is a new assessment t hat the state of Texas adopted this year.TAKS ( Texas Assessment of Knowledge Skills) is the assessment used in prior year. The difference with the STAAR assessment is that it will test content students studied that year, as opposed to testing content studied over multiple years. Doing so will strengthen the alignment between what is taught and what is tested for a given course of study. While STAAR mathematics, reading, writing, and social studies assessments in grades 3–8 will continue to address only those TEKS taught in the given subject and grade, the content of other STAAR assessments will change (STAAR Resources, 2012).The AZELLA (Arizona English Language Learners Assessment) like the OTELA, meets both state and federal requirements for assessing the language proficiency of students identified as second language learners and determines placement for appropriate instruction. The AZELLA score is used for entry and exit criteria for ELL program services, for measuring ann ual progress, and for monitoring the language proficiency of students for two years after they have exited the ELL/SEI program.References â€Å"Ohio Department of Education ODE. † ODE. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. http://www. ode. state. oh. us/GD/Templates/Pages/ODE/ODEDetail. aspx? page=3 â€Å"STAAR Resources. † Retrieved on 11 Apr 2013, from http://www. tea. state. tx. us/student. assessment/staar/ â€Å"South Carolina State Department of Education. † English Language Development Assessment. Retrieved on April 10, 2013, from http://ed. sc. gov/agency/programs-services/42/

A Prosecutor On Civil Law System - 967 Words

A-Prosecutor in civil law system The Public Prosecution has two major functions, which are to file criminal actions when acting as public prosecutors before a criminal court and the right to initiate actions even if the plaintiff has relinquished his right to do so, public prosecutors exanimate crimes, visit crimes’ scenes, question the accused, issue search warrants, and order the imprisonment of the accused on the account of a crime for a period of fifteen days prior to trial or prosecution. Moreover, joining the public prosecution is the way to becoming a judge in the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, and the Court of Cassation. Nevertheless, some members of the Public Prosecution remain within the latter and get promoted to District Attorneys, Attorney Generals, and potentially qualify for the post of the Head of the Public Prosecution. Prosecutor has different role and position in those countries that they practice civil law system. Contrary to the sitting judges who are totally independent, public prosecutors are under the authority of the minister of justice, the minister of justice conducts the policy of prosecution determined by the Government. The public prosecutors are considered to embody one single person since they act in the name of the prosecution service as a whole. As a consequence, the members of the Public Prosecutors Office can replace each other mutually, including during the judgment phase of a case, theShow MoreRelatedThe Judicial Process Of Course998 Words   |  4 Pagesof course, a jury alone does not guarantee a fair and impartial trial. VIIII- Prosecutors’ role in civil law and common law systems A-Prosecutor in civil law systems The Public Prosecution has two major functions, which are to file criminal actions when acting as public prosecutors before a criminal court and the right to initiate actions, even if the plaintiff has relinquished his right to do so, public prosecutors exanimate crimes, visit crimes’ scenes, question the accused, issue search warrantsRead MoreJapan s Legal System : Japan Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesJapan’s legal system, as overlaid by Junko Gono, et al, in their work, â€Å"Overview of Legal Systems in the Asia-Pacific Region: Japan,† is based on the civil law tradition, with its biggest historical influences being the civil codes of France and Germany as well as United States law (7). Though considered a civil law country, one key aspect of Japan’s judiciary goes against the standard template for a civil law legal system. Unlike other civil law based countries, Japan’s highest court, as explainedRead MoreEssay The Difference Between Civil Law and Criminal Law639 Words   |  3 Pages One way of looking at criminal law is that it is dealing with something of public awareness. For instance, the public has awareness in seeing that people are protected from being robbed or assaulted. These are legal problems that fall into the criminal law. Criminal law involves punishing and rehabilitating offenders, and protecting the public. Since the public has an interest in having criminal law, we give the government the power to put it in place and enforceRead MoreThe Law And Civil Law1707 Words   |  7 Pages As American citizens it is our duty to follow the laws stated in the American Constitution in order to maintain our rights to be free. If we fail to follow the laws we lose our rights as free citizens in these United States. Our Department of Justice mission statement is: To enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek justRead MoreThe Supreme Law Of The Land881 Words   |  4 PagesThe Criminal Justice System is made up of many crucial parts that come together as a whole in order to establish peace and maintain order in our society. Each part and individual has a responsibility to keep the system going. One important component is the Court System. The court system was designed to uphold the supreme law of the land, which is the constitution. The court system also helps protect our constitutional rights as Americans. Not only do the courts protect our rights, they were createdRead MoreWhat Is Your Career Choice?1643 Words   |  7 Pageslaid in the hands of a prosecutor to get an indictment for a rape charge that I filed against my ex-stepfather. This particular prosecutor was not invested enough in his work to properly work this case. He did not investigate this crime. I am not even sure he believed any part of my case or statement. He was careless and sloppy. I will never get justice for the things I was subjected to due to his lack of integrity, professionalism, and passion. I want to become a prosecutor so I can help as manyRead MoreThe Role of the Prosecutor Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice System, there are four key attributes in the role of the prosecutor. There are discretion, resource dependence, sequential tasks, and filtering. The prosecutors are lawyers that are accountable for presenting criminal cases in trial. The United States Attorneys are pointed by state or government, and represent the federal government in courts. They prosecute all adults who commit felonies and juveniles who commit delinquent crimes. Conjointly, the prosecutors have further responsibilitiesRead MoreAs a former Dutch colony, Indonesia has a dopted a criminal justice system within the civil law700 Words   |  3 PagesAs a former Dutch colony, Indonesia has adopted a criminal justice system within the civil law tradition. During the colonial period, The Dutch government established dual criminal justice system. First was The Reglement op de Strafvordering which closely same as the Dutch Criminal Procedure for Europeans, Chinese and other foreign oriental. This code was much stricter, and therefore better protected under the law. Other code was the Inlandsch Reglement for Indonesians which under the much looserRead MoreThe Criminal Court System1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe Criminal Court system is made up of four main components, each with its distinct aim. Each part works independently to achieve its goals. The four components are: law enforcement, prosecution, the judiciary, and the corrections. Law enforcement is the most visible element of the criminal court system. It is the part that has the first contact with crime offenders and victims. The functions of this component are: receive and document crime reports, carry investigations on reported crimes, collectRead MoreLaw As An Academic Discipline And Its Different Branches1367 Words   |  6 Pages1. Explain law as an academic discipline and its different branches Through state-sanctioned mechanisms and institutions, a system of rules and regulations are created, interpreted, and enforced. The legal discipline studies this system and uses it as a primary social mediator between people. The field of law encompasses a broad range of academic disciplines including but not limited to criminal law, education law, employment and labor law, international law, civil rights, etc. 2. Explain the