French Revolution Essay - 1141 Words

Why was there a French Revolution? Between, 1789  ¡V 1799, many events occurred in France that caused an outbreak within the people thus leading to a revolution. This culminated in the France becoming a democratic government. This essay will argue that the resentment of absolute government, financial difficulties, the famine, rise of philosophes and the ongoing feud between the estates are all the major causes of why there was a revolution in France. Firstly before going into the topic, the word  ¡Ã‚ §revolution ¡Ã‚ ¨ must be defined.  ¡Ã‚ §A revolution is a relatively sudden and absolutely huge change. This may be a change in the social or political institutions over a relatively short period of time, or a major change in its culture or economy . ¡Ã‚ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦If the king was interested in the opinions of the people, all he had to do go to the Estates General and ask for their vote on any issue he put forth. The last time the Estates General had been in meeting was in 1614, therefore it is evident that by the late 1700s, that the king was no longer interested in the influence of the French people . This sort of ignorance to the people was a major factor in why there was a revolution in France The famine killed many people during the late 18th century and was caused by the other underlining factors such as financial trouble and arguments between the estates. Different crop failures in the 1780s caused these shortages, which of course led to high prices for bread and other food substances. With the prices going up people grew angry with the government and waged for a revolution . There were poor conditions in the countryside which made residents to move into Paris, and the city was overcrowded and filled with the hungry and disaffected people who desperately needed more food to live. The peasants, who were the worst of the lot, suffered from the economic and agricultural problems . With all this added up, there was no other way to fix these problems but to have a revolution Another cause of the French Revolution was in the financial difficulties of the government. King Louis XV and King Louis XVI both led extremelyShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And The Revolution1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution was a time rife with violence, with many revolutionaries using extreme actions to overturn the French Monarchy and create a government based on equality and justice, rather than tyranny and despotism. This violence reached gruesome and terrible heights throughout the revolution, but was justified by the revolutionaries, who believed that their goals of total equality, the end of tyranny, and the return to a virtuous society, allowed them to use means necessary to attain theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis The French Revolution was such an important time history. 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While it changed the social structure in France it also affected many different countries across the world. â€Å"the treeRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1640 Words   |  7 Pages The French Revolution is often seen as one of the most influential and significant events in world history (Voices 9). The surge of rebellion present in those against the old regime, or Ancien Rà ©gime, inspired reformers for generations to come. Nevertheless, the French Revolution would not have occurred without the aid of the Enlightenment Thinkers, or Philosophà ©s. These Philosophà ©s’ ideas sparked the French Revolution. Prior to the French Revolution, France was radically different. It was theRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1321 Words   |  6 Pages The French Revolution The French Revolution was an iconic piece of history that help shape the world. It was a time were great battles occurred. Blood sheds happen almost every day. 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All of theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people think of the French Revolution, they immediately think of the country of France and how the Revolution affected it. What most people do not think about however, is how the Revolution affected other countries, specifically the country of England. England was affected positively and negatively by the Revolution in that there was an increase of political involvement, but there was a collapse in the economy due to war declared by France. The French Revolution created a battle of conflictingRead MoreRevolutions And The French Revolution956 Words   |  4 Pages Revolutions are a common occurrence throughout world history. With the amount of revolutions in history, there are those that get lost and those that are the most remembered or well known. One of the well known revolutions is the French Revolution which occurred in the years 1789 to 1799. Before the French Revolution, France was ruled by an absolute monarchy, this meaning that one ruler had the supreme authority and that said authority was not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customsRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1636 Words   |  7 Pageswas an old fortress that had served as a royal prison and in which gunpowder was stored. This will be the place where Parisian crowds will lay siege on and use the gunpowder for their weapons, and this will become a great turning point in the French Revolution. 3) The Great Fear was the vast movement that the peasant insurgency of sacking nobles’ castles and burning documents would blend into. This attack was mainly because of seigneurial dues and church tithes that weighed heavily on many peasantsRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1180 Words   |  5 PagesLooking at the historical timeline, one can see that the French Revolution derived after the Enlightenment, which brought different ways of thinking, and different outlooks on government and society (553),(555),(558). The Enlightenment also changed the world of public debate, and established some ideas central to the French Revolution. The French Revolution of 1789 occurred due to government debt, class conflict, bankruptcy, the Enlightenment, and the rule of absolutism. These social, economic, and

Stereotypes Exist Because They Are Grounded in Truth

Aleeza Safdar 2015-10-0106 SS-100 Writing and Communication Raazia Waseem November 18, 2011. Stereotypes exist because they are grounded in truth. Why hasn’t anyone ever seen a ‘’white crow’’ flying under a ‘’yellow sky’’? Why hasn’t someone ever experienced a ‘’really hot’’ winter season? Indeed why hasn’t my best friend yet told me, how she was once a popular Hollywood star? Clearly, because their lies no truth in the statements that I have put forward. One cannot see a white crow, when the entire species is black; one cannot sweat when there is freezing cold; and , one cannot call oneself a rock star just because one wants to. There has to be fire somewhere if there is smoke; there has to be a foundation laid to raise†¦show more content†¦Saying that all the Asians are more intelligent than all the Americans or Australians would be absurd. As one or more particular Asian can of course be less smart than one or more particular American or Australian; however, judging through the majority of populace, Asians are br ainier. This stereotype too, originated and survived because it was based on truth. Saying that it originated from nowhere and that there is no factual evidence to support is quite off the wall. Another common but heavily opposed stereotype: teenagers are dangerous and difficult to manage-like the many others, originates from truth. A research held at the Oxtoby research centre in Kentucky, USA proved that as any individual approaches puberty, the gradual transition from childhood to adolescence and then to adulthood results in increased sensitivity especially in the age group from thirteen to nineteen. Thus there is a higher crime rate, greater chances of drug abuse and other such harmful activities when through this age. Though not all teens are completely unmanageable, and not all eventually turn into gangsters or wanted criminals, however several cases of terrifying incidences such as the felony assault of a Cortland man by two teens (Albert), a higher percentage of teens addicted to drugs and countless other examples portray the truth in the stereotype that is made regarding them. Indeed, once again it can be safely concluded that the stereotype grounded fromShow MoreRe latedEssay on Stereotypes are Grounded in Truth1109 Words   |  5 Pagesand associate certain behaviors or traits with these groups. We have this urge to categorize because it makes us ‘cognitively effective’. When we categorize, we no longer need to consider information about each member of the group; we assume that what holds true for some members must also be true for other members of the group. The act of categorizing human beings is known as stereotyping. The word stereotype has Greek roots; ‘stereos’ meaning firm and ‘typos’ meaning impression hence, ‘Firm Impression’Read MoreWhat Are Stereotypes? Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pages Stereotypes are assumptions held about the characteristics of a particular group of people. These assumptions could be due to their race, culture, country, community and religion. Women are not as smart as men. Men are strong and do all the work. Americans are tolerant but arrogant. Girls are not good at sports. Black people are stronger than white people. Black people are criminals. Old folks are all very old fashioned. All blond women are dumb. Guys are messy and unclean. GirlsRead MoreStereotyping: A Phenomenon That Is Instigated Or Perpetually Within Us?1541 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing on in which all the students are sitting in pairs. In the front middle row, a girl and a boy are sitting together. The boy is wearing a huge pair of black study glasses, an un-ironed dress shirt with khakis and has frizzy hair quite obviously because he has not brushed it. On the other hand, the girl is gorgeous looking with curly strawberry blonde hair, big blue eyes and clearly into fashion which is portrayed by her sensational dressing sense. Now what is the first thing that comes to one’sRead MoreBreaking Stereotypes1137 Words   |  5 Pageswe consider to be unarguable, which we laugh over; because no evidence exists that they have taken place. If a person infor med their friend, that they saw an alien shopping, or cats barking like dogs, the friend would recommend that they visit a psychiatrist and reconsider their claim. Hence with the above mentioned examples it can be said that: stereotypes exist because they are grounded in truth. 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Methodology Section

Question: What is the Methodology Secation and Research Study ? Answer : Introduction The methodology section is a very crucial section in a research study. This sets the platform for the researcher to make effective adjustments in the study that helps the organisation to analyse the data that has been gathered and get suitable results from its analysis. The methodology section sheds light on the procedures and approaches the researcher has used to gather suitable data for achieving the desired outcome. This section of research methodology is important as it will highlight the different methods utilised on the present research and also the justifications for their utilisation. The investigations in a research are extremely important and the application of the right tools and techniques is important in this case (Glesne, 2015). The present section will discuss the key segments of the research methods used for the study like research philosophy, design, strategy, the choice of the data collection, and the data analysis tools which would help to complete the study Impact of financial stability on the sustainability of hospitality industry. It is important for the researcher to prudently choose the research methods and apply them strategically to make sure the right kinds of findings are received from the study. The research onion diagram provides effective understanding of the following discussion. Fig 1: Research Onion Research Philosophy The research philosophy is an extremely important part of the research method. It is extremely important for every researcher to understand the importance of research philosophy involved in a study. Research philosophy could be defined as the belief or notion of the way in which information and data about a particular subject should be gathered. The gathering of data stands to be important for a particular research, and hence it is important for the researchers and scholars to follow a particular belief about gathering data. There are number of research philosophies which are used by different researcher and the choice is mainly based on the kind of research that is being done. The most common research philosophies are positivism, post positivism and interpretivism (Mackey and Gass, 2013 p, 65). Positivism: People with positivist mindset believe that reality could be observed and described from the objective point of view. It is important to mention that people believing in positivist approach are largely practical and only believe in rational thinking to gather information about a particular subject. This highly emphasises on one single variable of the research and the predictions are made on the previously studied and gathered information. Positivism has had a long and successful relationship with physical and natural sciences. There have been long standing debate about its suitability and applicability of the positivist framework in the social science subjects (Denzin, 2012 p, 78). Post Positivism: This is comparatively a new approach to positivism and it could be said that it follows the philosophy of positivism to a large extent with trifle difference. The post positivist approach supports the amalgamation of both rational and scientific reasoning to support data gathering. Data gathering is the most important part of a research the post positivist philosophy allows the researchers to implement both commonsense reasoning and scientific reasoning to get the best possible data for the study (Flick, 2011 p, 47). Interpretivism: Interpretivism is more into interpreting subjects. The study of phenomena in their natural environments is the key to interpretivism philosophy. It is important to mention that interpretivism believes that scientists cannot avoid the phenomena they study and hence a subjective interpretation and intervention becomes essential in interpretivism. Realism: This philosophy believes that some perceptions in practice are completely ontologically free of conceptual schemes and understanding (Blumberg Cooper and Schiendler, 2011 p, 89). The present research asks to analyse the importance of financial stability in the sustainability of the hospitality industry and hence it will be effective if the researcher is able to gather data in the best possible way through the application of logical understanding. It will also be important to use different data sources to gather data which would enhance the efficiency of the data gathered. The gathering of data on logical grounds will help to analyse the data gathered properly and help to get best possible result from the analysis. Research Design Research design could be defined as the overall strategy of the research which helps to link each and every component of the research effectively to complete the study in a logical and cohesive manner. It is essential to make a proper decision about choosing the right kind of research design for a research in order to get efficient and favorable result from the study. Effective research design helps to drive the research in an effective manner and helps to achieve the objectives of the study properly. There are three key research designs used by researchers which are exploratory, explanatory and descriptive designs. The exploratory research design is mostly implemented in research where the researcher is focused on gaining new insights and revealing new results for the particular subject. This kind of research design is focused on using large amount of information and is expensive as well that prevents most of the academic researches to use exploratory design of research. On the othe r hand the descriptive design is effective in describing a phenomenon and analysing variables properly to support the existing study and literature on the same topic and also justifying them properly (Pickard, 2012 p, 55). The explanatory research design is effective in explaining a particular research topic effectively which even though time consuming but achieves the objectives of a study. In the present study there are two different variables which are financial stability and sustainability. Both these variables are broad variables and need significant description which would help to link them properly in the research and understand the cause and effect of one on the other (Green, Camili and Elmore, 2012 p, 56). Hence the present research will be done with the help of the descriptive research design which will help to plan the research study and structure in a systematic manner to get favorable research results from the study effectively. The research aims to focus on understanding the relationship between the financial stability for the sustainability in the hospitality industry. Research Approach Research approach could be defined as the systematic movement of a research to establish facts and principles on a given subject of study. Research approach is the basic movement of the research to get favorable results from a study. There are basically two different types of research approach namely: Inductive approach and deductive approach of research. Inductive approach: The inductive approach is mainly based on qualitative analysis process to get results from the research. The inductive approach is focused on using research questions to narrow the scope of the study and is concerned with the generation of new theory and information. The inductive approach of research moves from specific observations to generate general findings (Robson, 2011 p, 109). Deductive approach: The deductive approach is just the opposite of the inductive approach. This kind of approach starts with a hypothesis rather than following research questions and moves from general observations to get specific findings which is suitable to study a particular phenomena. The deductive approach uses quantitative analysis techniques in order to get results from the study (Miller et al, 2012 p, 44). The involvement of the two variables in the present study is broad and needs to be analysed effectively by the researcher. As the present study does not aim to generate new theories or information and is focused on analysing the existing literature and theories the deductive approach is the best option to choose for the present research study. In the following research findings are achieved through the analysis of the general answers of the chosen respondents which helps to come to a conclusion regarding the sustainability in the hospitality industry. The deductive approach is suitable for the present study as it will help to complete the study within the stipulated time as well as within the limited available resources. Overall it could be concluded that as the research study has been able to apply general observation to get specific results the deductive approach has been effective for the study. Research Strategy Research strategy could be defined as the basic blueprint of the study. The research strategy is the plan based on which the study would be taken further by the researcher. This is the strategic idea of the research that helps the researcher to move systematically towards the achievement of the research objectives. There are various kinds of research strategy which are used by different researchers in different research. Experiments in laboratories, scientific research, simple observations, empirical research, interviews, surveys and case study based research. Lab experiments help the researchers to understand the relationship between the different variables directly which helps them to get the best possible results from the study. In lab experiments small numbers of variables are studied intensively within a developed laboratory system. This kind of strategy is implemented with the help of quantitative analysis techniques that helps to make a generic statement about the real life scenario (Reynolds et al, 2014 p, 89). Case study strategy is mainly used for research done on a particular company. It is important to mention that case study strategy is effective in ensuring effective result for the organisation on which the research has been done. This not only helps to analyse the case study organisation but it also helps to understand the trend in the market and how it will affect the market conditions. Hence the case study strategy is suitable for a research on a particular organisation. Interview strategy is mainly focused on gathering information from the chosen respondents with the application of interview. A few relevant questions are developed in order to interview the different chosen respondents which help to gather the right kind of information from them which is largely helpful in coming to a conclusion from the study (Kirkova et al, 2011 p, 23). Survey strategy is another commonly implemented strategy in research. The survey strategy is a process of analysing a given populace or a market environment through survey questionnaire helping to get effective insights from the study (Cameron, 2009 p, 56). The present study is following a deductive approach which helps to do a research on the existing literature and theories. It is important to mention that deductive study is done best with the quantitative analysis technique and hence for that the interview research strategy would be the best strategy to follow in this research. It has helped to interview different entities that have helped to get the best possible insights based on the aspects of sustainability and financial stability. Overall it could be said that the interview strategy has helped to get suitable results from the study. Sampling Method Sampling is one of the key aspects in the research study. Effective sampling helps a research to reach the pinnacle of success, on the other hand failing to choose a right sample size could affect the results found from the research and hence it is important for a researcher to use the right sampling method to choose sample size. There are different kind of sampling method like probability sampling, non probability sampling and Stratified sampling. The probability sampling is a kind of random sampling which is applied on a given populace to choose respondents for the study (Brinkmann, 2014 p, 98). On the other hand non probability sampling is a form of convenient sampling which means choosing the respondents in a biased way from a given sample size and finally stratified sampling is a process of sampling where the researcher divides a given sample size into two halves and then from the each group respondents will be chosen applying the probability sampling method. As the present study is an academic one the time allotted for the study is small the researcher has applied non probability convenient sampling to choose respondents for the research which is easy and time effective (Cooper and Schindler, 2010 p, 76). The present study is a much more analytical study and the data gathering has to be highly relevant. The impact of financial stability on the sustainability could only be understood with the help of the managers as they are able to understand the market conditions and hence the choice of managers had to be made. The subjects for the study have been mainly chosen from the personal contacts. The subjects have been recruited through personal interactions through one of the personal acquaintances who have helped to communicate with the subjects chosen and to reach the managers of the different hotels. There have been rigorous communications which has helped to convince them to take part in the study. Sample Size The sample size chosen for the present study is 10 managers. This sample will help to get proper idea about the impact of financial stability in establishing sustainability in the hotel industry in Saudi Arabia (Panneerselvam, 2014). The researcher has chosen the above sample size because it is sufficient to address the research objectives. The present research is mainly to understand the trend and the impact of the financial stability on sustainability of the hospitality industry and the suggestions of managers would be more or less same. It is also important to mention that in this case the sample size has been chosen from the different hotels of Saudi Arabia and not from one or two hotels and hence there is no possibility that managers will have similar view as they are working for the same company. 10 managers as a sample size from different hotels will be big enough to understand the financial trends of the hotels and the industry and hence it will also help to understand the im pact of financial stability as the data would come from different company which more or less help to understand the industry trend effectively. Data Collection Method Data Collection is the most important aspect in the research study. It has to be done in the best possible way for the best interest of the research. It is stated that the success of the research relies on the data collection and hence it is important for the researcher to collect data in the best possible manner. There are two major methods of collecting data namely: primary and secondary data collection. The primary data is the first hand data which is collected through different primary techniques like interview, survey, focus group study et cetera. On the other hand the secondary data collection techniques involves gathering of data from all kinds of secondary sources like journals, articles, books, existing research, online sources et cetera (Corbetta, 2009 p, 78). The present study has been done with the help of both primary and secondary data. The primary data has been collected with the help of interview questionnaire applied on the 10 managers of the different hotels of Saudi Arabia. On the other hand the secondary data has been collected from the different secondary sources like online sources, journals, books et cetera which has been integrated in the literature review section in order to get the best possible result. Data Analysis Plan There are two different ways of analysing gathered data namely: quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis is mainly numerical and statistical which is done with the help of tools like SPSS, MS Excel, and Correlations Table. On the other hand the qualitative analysis is done with the help of thematic analysis. In the present study the data gathered is mainly descriptive in nature that has helped the researcher to apply qualitative analysis tool and hence the present gathered has been collated and descriptive analysis have been implemented on it (Kothari, 2011). Ethical Considerations The present study has been done by undertaking different ethical considerations. Firstly the respondents have been convinced about taking part in the study by making them understand the subject studied. The data protection act has been considered while gathering any kind of data, the confidentiality aspect have been taken into account while communicating with the respondents. On the other hand it has been promised that no information shared by them would be used commercially and will only be used for academic purposes. The permission from appropriate authorities of the different hotels has also been taken in order to communicate with their managers (Gulati, 2009). For instance the subjects or respondents chosen for the research have been kept secret and their personal information has not been used anywhere with the research report and in this way confidentiality has been maintained. Normally the respondents were skeptical of giving away information it has been promised that the data gathered will not be used in any other works and the anonymity of the subjects have also been promised and hence by no chance their identities will be revealed which may harm the subjects and their professional career. The questionnaires sent to them had been kept completely objective and subject related and no offensive, discriminatory or unacceptable languages have been used which would give them respect and will also hold their professional integrity in place. The study was organised after a complete discussion with the respondents and with their complete consent. As per the data protection act the individual will not be recognised for giving away data relevant to the research which would help to keep privacy of their identity effectively. The researcher will also be responsible for any kind of data spillage that causes revelation of identity. Hence it could be said in the above discussed ways ethical considerations have been put to use. Research Limitations There are number of limitations that the present research faced. Firstly, this is an academic research and hence financial constraint played a huge role in not getting access to certain data sources, on the other hand the framing of the research had to be done prudently in terms of managing time as the institution is stringent about providing time for the research. On the other hand since time was small and the respondents involved in the research were highly busy getting their time became a big issue that had to be coped with (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015 p, 67). Future Scope of research The study has faced number of hurdles especially time and finance which has not allowed the researcher to investigate the broader sections of sustainability and financial stability with reference to the hotel Industry in Saudi Arabia and hence it could be said that the present research still allows room for the future research done on the relevant subject (Gordon, 2009 p, 80). Reference list Aljaziracapital, 2017.Saudi Hospitality Sector Report [online] Available at: https://www.aljaziracapital.com.sa/report_file/ess/SEC-196.pdf [Accessed 3 Feb. 2017]. Baum, T., Cheung, C., Kong, H., Kralj, A., Mooney, S., Nguy?n Th? Thanh, H., Ramachandran, S., Dropuli? RuÃ… ¾i?, M. and Siow, M.L., 2016. Sustainability and the tourism and hospitality workforce: a thematic analysis.Sustainability,8(8), p.809. Blumberg, B., Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. 2011. Business research methods. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Brinkmann, S., 2014. Interview. 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Journal of palliative medicine, 14(10), 1149-1166. Kothari, C. R. 2011. Research methodology: methods and techniques. New Age International. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. 2013. Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Matthew, D.A.A., Fada, A. and Ukonu, I.C., 2016. Role Of Financial Ratio Analysis In Assessing Business Performance In The Hospitality And Tourism Operations.Development,4(4). Mayo, E.J., Jarvis, L.P. and Lane, P.A., 2015. How Fast Can a Service Firm Grow?. InProceedings of the 1988 International Conference of Services Marketing(pp. 1-10). Springer International Publishing. Melissen, F., van Ginneken, R. and Wood, R.C., 2016. Sustainability challenges and opportunities arising from the owner-operator split in hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,54, pp.35-42. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). 2012. Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Mueller, E.F. and Jungwirth, C., 2016. What drives the effectiveness of industrial clusters? Exploring the impact of contextual, structural and functioning determinants.Entrepreneurship Regional Development,28(5-6), pp.424-447. Palich, L. and Reed, M., 2016, January. Hotel Belmar: Can an Eco Hotel Be Financially Sustainable?. InUnited States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Conference Proceedings(p. FJ1). United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Pickard, A. 2012. Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Raguseo, E. and Vitari, C., 2017. The Effect of Brand on the Impact of e-WOM on Hotels Financial Performance.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,21(2), pp.249-269. Reynolds, D., Creemers, B., Nesselrodt, P. S., Shaffer, E. C., Stringfield, S., Teddlie, C. (Eds.). 2014. Advances in school effectiveness research and practice. Elsevier. Robson, C. 2011. Real world research: a resource for users of social research methods in applied settings. Chichester: Wiley. Rodrguez Bolvar, M.P., Navarro Galera, A., Alcaide Muoz, L. and Lpez Subirs, M.D., 2016. Risk factors and drivers of financial sustainability in local government: An empirical study.Local Government Studies,42(1), pp.29-51. Sez-Martnez, F.J., Lefebvre, G., Hernndez, J.J. and Clark, J.H., 2016. Drivers of sustainable cleaner production and sustainable energy options.Journal of Cleaner Production,138, pp.1-7. Shkurkin, D.V., Sogacheva, O.V., Logvencheva, E.S. and Khramova, M.N., 2016. Modernization of the Sphere of Tourist and Hospitality Industry of the South of Russia as a Growth Factor of Socio-economic Stability of the Region.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,6(1S), pp.101-106. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Tsaur, S.H., Yen, C.H. and Ku, P.S., 2016. An evaluation framework for the sustainable operation of leisure farms.Leisure Studies, pp.1-13. Xu, X. and Gursoy, D., 2015. A conceptual framework of sustainable hospitality supply chain management.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,24(3), pp.229-259.

Ethical Implications Of The Technology †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Ethical Implications Of The Technology? Answer: Introduction Safety and security has become an issue of great importance around the world, and technological solutions to the issue are becoming extremely valuable for business, the government and the consumer. Biometrics is a possible solution to safety and security and offers a wide range of applications in a wide range of fields. Biometrics is for the realistic authentication which is for identifying the individuals in groups that are under the surveillance. However, there are several ethical issues of the implementation and management of this technology due to the sensitive and vulnerable data and information that it protects. This report starts by exploring the applicants of biometrics in a variety of fields and then moves on to evaluate its strengths and weaknesses. Considerations are also make about the ethical implications of the technology. Security Applications for Biometrics The concept of biometric and associated devices is based on calculation of a distinct biological feature of an individual like a persons voice-based patterns and the iris or retina of the eye or sometimes finger prints. This method of personal identification is superior because it offers a high degree of accuracy as it is based on biological identification. Biometrics is therefore applicable to a wide range of security measures useful to prevent intruders or criminals who may want to access systems or sensitive information (Jones et al., 2014). The concept of face scanning along with biometric technology is versatile in so many ways and this can be seen ranges of so many prospective applications. Given the higher degree of accuracy inherent in biological identification, there are many positive applications, particularly in terms of security. Security system uses a device which plays an important part in verifying the identity of an individual by focusing on the overall access based control procedures. The concept of fingerprint recognition as one method of Biometrics, for instance, looks for the distinct kind of pattern of valleys that is present in the finger print of an individual. The patterns are distinct to every person and therefore also help to recognize people from a large database of other fingerprints. The print of finger is inherent to a person can never be stolen or lost which further make it right and trusted. (Bowyer et al., 2016). In addition, the presence of less costly fingerprints readers is combined with easy level of integration and capacities that lead to wide open deployment of biometrics in different companies (Zhang et al., 2013). The concept of verifi cation and identification are two methods which an identity relates to decide the usage of biometric technology, and therefore provide justification for is implementation in many fields which require high-level security. Verification helps in conforming that an individual surely claims to be and conduct comparison on one to one level of the fingerprint sample of an individual to safe template for reference. There is process of identification also conducts the people sample for fingerprint which is completely against the entire templates stored. Facial Recognition The concepts of face biometrics have the prospective that can be combined at any place and find an advance technology camera (Yates, 2017). There are number of law agencies as well enforcing law son the world over the usage of overuse biometric software to scan the faces with the help of CCTV footage along with recognizing the interest of field. There is different kind of deployment as part face recognition process to test the identities of number travelers (Huerta et al., 2016). Facial recognition is making a lot of difference with so many kinds of hard identifications however; it also has the capacity to collect demographic kind of data for the crowd. This further has made this technology sorted for the retail based marketing industry. Confidentiality and Greater Consumer Confidence The main motive of this concept is to save the overall confidentiality of present digital based data which is stored on diverse computer systems or sometimes get transmission through internet or similar networks. The modern time encryption and related algorithms also plays an important role in assuring the security of the present IT system along with communication since it helps in providing confidentiality (Middleton et al., 2013). At the time of arrival of important exchange and algorithms in RSA, the present government and the associated armies were just the user related with encryption. But RSA further led to broader use of the concept in the commercial as well as consumer realms to save the data at the time it is sent across the network as well as stored like hard drive or flash drive. Other devices like modem, smartcards or SIM uses encryption to depend on the protocols like the concept of SSH or SSL to encrypt the confidential data (Schneider et al., 2014). The concept of encr yption is also utilized to save data in transit and send from every part of devices across every kind of network. But we need to focus on some issues as well that the system is only for the ATM which could easily be a problem as and when hacked by the other people. Mobile phone in the present time can be used not just for calling but for multiple purposes like pressing a key to unlock a car and the concept is utilized here to save the data and it can be further relayed for the same. There are so many kinds of digital rights in management system which saves any kind of unauthorized usage or concepts of reproduction of number of copyrighted work and can be taken as an example of encryption (Carayon et al., 2014). Ethical Considerations Biometrics The issues are related to the users and the business people who are hesitant about the implementation where there are offensive forms and the invasions in the dignity, rights and the space. The people feel untrustworthy and embarrassed when they must give their biometric identity. The people also are seen to the fear threatened by the fraud and the other identity threat where the information of the individual is being accessed and then misused by the other person like the hacker or there is a stolen identity of the person. Strength and weaknesses of finger prints and face recognition The facial recognition with the advantage is the non-intrusive and the cheap technology. The disadvantage for the same is the 2D recognition which is mainly affected by the change in lightning, hair of the person and the age. This also require the equipment for the proper user identification which is not likely to be popular till it is a standard equipment. The finger prints advantage is the high accuracy, easy user authentication, easy to use and the small storage space with the biometric template. The disadvantage is about the mistakes with the dryness or the dirty finger or skin, image capture in 500 dots per inch. Geo tracking a study in time and space The concept of geo tracking has been in business for quite some time now and has also characterized in the varied news since people are realizing that the brand like Apple is constantly supervising and recording every kind of move of the owner of iPhone. While using this product one can find the data that also shows that the time for people to come and the time they leave from different locations. This further happens at the routine basis and records all the moves from one place to another. The important question here is that how these all this happens and the usage is based on combination of diverse technologies to properly track the location which also happens to include the GPS signals as well as also access the internet with triangulation for the signal on the phone especially when it is connected to diverse cell towers (Huerta et al., 2016). The owner of android phone is also constantly tracked as well as supervised with the similar level of detailed discussion related all kind of movements that cannot be properly accessed by the phone. Advantages in Business The advantages in business are based on the needs that can be located by someone. For instance, the case of an emergency call for a professional like engineer to meet a consumer and the nearest level of support for an engineer can be recognized and then later contacted along with routed to visit a consumer and the nearest system of support engineer can be recognized and then properly contacted with routed to visit the consumer. This provides the advantage to the consumer since the response to them can be much faster and it can also fix the issue and further get them working again. At the time of sending out an email to the subscriber, the track of all the event data is in the reporting form to permit the people to see the complete range of statistics on the overall performance of the campaign. The concept of geo tracking takes this as a one step in addition to the plotting of the event on communicative international map to discuss exactly about people and read the emails (Huerta et a l., 2016). The additional level of detail in the reporting will further permit to gain a high level of understanding of the active subscribers and the overall reach of the campaigns. There are some of the issues which includes that due to the network disruption, the geo tracking does not work properly and leads to disruption. Hence, for the same, it is important to be safe as every technology is depending upon the internet. Hence with this, as the technology change it not only includes the changes in the life of the people but also brings the change in the normal functioning of the life. Importance and Relevancy Development of the targeted campaign is also based on data that can hugely improve the number of outcomes and the level of engagement with the recipients. The importance of relevancy is a key to keep the consumer well engaged and loyal to the brand as well as products. Many companies are using the technology to for marketing and in fact email has opened so many doors for the same. There are number of things which can be known and can be discussed commonly about the features of Geo tracking device with the customers. This can result in making an important statement (Meeks et al., 2014). The concept of geo tracking also helps in providing an updated data about the location where someone has further opened the email for the same. People also must move on regular basis which further means that the emails are always on the target for people that know highly open it at workplace or home. It is not important for the recipient to note and update the location with people and when the data is given by a third party, people can rapidly become outdated or redundant. Considerations for the use of Geo-Tracking It is also important to understand here that the concept of geo tracking doesnt always like to track the mobile especially when the users can access the email with the help of cellular based data on phone network (Carter, 2016). Therefore; it means that people can report while providing a good indication to the receiver real location and whether that is at workplace or at home. The concept of encryption is based on converting the electronic data in a form which is different and known as cypher text which sometimes is not easy to understand by any individual except the authority. According to Schwalbe (2015), there are some important elements of security and encryption: Authentication: the message can be easily verified through its origin. Non-repudiation: the person who sends the message cannot complete say no to the sending of message. Integrity: there are many evidences that the current content of the message has not been transformed since the time it was sent. Data is also called as plain text and is further encrypted to use an algorithm and the key for it. The overall procedure created cipher level of text that can be seen in its actual form and further decrypted with the right key. The concept of decryption is simply the opposite of the concept of encryption. It follows the same steps but there are reverse as well where the keys can be applied. Conclusion In last so many years, the danger of any kind of harm caused in an industry is achieving a lot of supervision and scrutiny. It is important to see that both the geo tracking and biometrics are important in their respective sense with some of its strengths and weakness. The whole system in the present IT world is based on biometric which is important and beneficial than geo tracking because I feel that it helps not only a proper verification of the individual but no cheating of any case is possible, even extreme additions are put in. The biometrics needs to be handled with the uniqueness, performance that mainly relates to the different traits which vary over time. The measurability and the performance relate to the accuracy, speed and the robustness of the technology. References Bowyer, K.W., Hollingsworth, K.P. and Flynn, P.J., 2016. A survey of iris biometrics research: 20082010. InHandbook of iris recognition(pp. 23-61). Springer, London. Carayon, P., Wetterneck, T.B., Rivera-Rodriguez, A.J., Hundt, A.S., Hoonakker, P., Holden, R. and Gurses, A.P., 2014. Human factors systems approach to healthcare quality and patient safety.Applied ergonomics,45(1), pp.14-25. Carter, R.A., 2016. Mine Safety: Working Within the System.Engineering and Mining Journal,217(3), p.50. Huerta, TR, Walker, C, Murray, KRHefner, JL, McAlearney, AS Moffatt-Bruce, S 2016, Patient Safety Errors: Leveraging Health Information Technology to Facilitate Patient Reporting.Journal for Healthcare Quality,vol. 38, no. 1, pp.17-23. Jones, S.S., Rudin, R.S., Perry, T. and Shekelle, P.G., 2014. Health information technology: an updated systematic review with a focus on meaningful use.Annals of internal medicine,160(1), pp.48-54. Meeks, D.W., Smith, M.W., Taylor, L., Sittig, D.F., Scott, J.M. and Singh, H., 2014. An analysis of electronic health record-related patient safety concerns.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,21(6), pp.1053-1059. Middleton, B., Bloomrosen, M., Dente, M.A., Hashmat, B., Koppel, R., Overhage, J.M., Payne, T.H., Rosenbloom, S.T., Weaver, C. and Zhang, J., 2013. Enhancing patient safety and quality of care by improving the usability of electronic health record systems: recommendations from AMIA.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(e1), pp.e2-e8. Schneider, E.C., Ridgely, M.S., Meeker, D., Hunter, L.E., Khodyakov, D. and Rudin, R.S., 2014. Promoting patient safety through effective Health Information Technology risk management.Rand Health Quarterly,4(3). Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Tad-y, D.B., Pierce, R.G., Pell, J.M., Stephan, L., Kneeland, P.P. and Wald, H.L., 2016. Leveraging a redesigned morbidity and mortality conference that incorporates the clinical and educational missions of improving quality and patient safety.Academic Medicine,91(9), pp.1239-1243. Wilkes III, S.M., Ferrara, M.N., Mahany, R.J. and Begley, P.J., Omnitracs, Llc, 2017.System and method for integrating smartphone technology into a safety management platform to improve driver safety. U.S. Patent 9,688,286. Yates, A., 2017. Intersection of Longest Paths in Graph Theory and Predicting Performance in Facial Recognition. Zhang, S., Teizer, J., Lee, J.K., Eastman, C.M. and Venugopal, M., 2013. Building information modeling (BIM) and safety: Automatic safety checking of construction models and schedules.Automation in Construction,29, pp.183-195.

Compare and Contrast Catrin by Gillian Clarke with Digging by Seamus Heaney Essay Example

Compare and Contrast Catrin by Gillian Clarke with Digging by Seamus Heaney Paper In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting Digging by the Irish poet Seamus Heaney with Catrin by the Welsh poet Gillian Clarke. I will begin by discussing the aspects of Digging which includes the title, content, theme, setting, style, message and my own personal response. I will also explain what the two poems are about. Following the discussion of Digging I will then compare it with the poem Catrin. The tittle Digging creates a lot of images and plans many scenarios towards what it actually stands for. What it tells me about the poem is that Digging is the main feature and could be used to compare with other activities. It shows its about people digging with shiny spades on dirty parts of land. The setting of the poem changes due to Heaneys memories of his father and grandfather. In stanza three Heaney describes where his fathers place of work is situated. To do this he added the purpose towards what he is actually digging for. Til his straining rump among the flowerbeds. The potato drills where he was digging. (Stanza 3) We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Catrin by Gillian Clarke with Digging by Seamus Heaney specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Catrin by Gillian Clarke with Digging by Seamus Heaney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Catrin by Gillian Clarke with Digging by Seamus Heaney specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The thought of flowerbeds and potatoes creates images showing neatly spread out rows upon short, green beautiful grass. The flowerbeds add pride to where he is digging as it shows its a place well kept. To me, this scenario is described in a way that is based on an allotment. Seamus Heaney describes where his grandfather digs from stanzas six to eight. Nicking and slicing neatly, heaving sods over his shoulder, going down for the good turf. (Stanza 7) I used all of stanza seven as a quote because the words written are all relevant to describe where his grandfather works. It proves that where his grandfather digs differentiated from where his grandfather digs. This also proves that the setting changes due to Seamus Heaneys memories of his father and grandfather. The differences between the settings are shown by key words in stanzas. Good turf and Sods show that where his grandfather digs is based on a field. Flowerbeds and Potatoes shows that where his father digs is based on an allotment. The style of the poem is written in a common way. The layout consists of short effective paragraphs that includes passionate descriptive writing about his life. The literacy device Seamus Heaney uses consists of onomatopoeia throughout parts of the poem. What this means is that the formation of a word whose sound suggests its meaning. An example of onomatopoeia is used in stanza two. A clean rasping sound. (Stanza 2) When Seamus Heaney is describing what he can hear under his window, he uses the word Rasping to prove to the reader what it actually sounds like. The effect on using this device, when reading, the word Rasping creates an image showing a spade scraping against a rough surface. Another effective use of onomatopoeia is shown in stanza seven. In his stanza he is talking about how his grandfather works and what he does. To create that image for the reader showing his grandfather cutting turf, Seamus Heaney uses the word Slicing. Comparing with the example before there is no difference to as he effect it gives off. The achievement of these onomatopoeic words is that they give a clear understanding to the reader. As the poet is describing what he can see and hear, using the words Slicing and Rasping the reader will also see and hear the same. Throughout the poem Seamus Heaney describes the different kinds of digging work his father and grandfather does. He also describes how they work and the techniques they use. Against the inside knee was levered firmly. (Stanza 4) This quote is describing his fathers technique on how to stand and hold the spade. This technique to Seamus tells him that his father has been doing this kind of work for a long time. The technique was a family trade passed down from his father, which is Seamuss grandfather. By God, the old man could handle a spade. Just like his old man. (Stanza 5) As his father got his techniques from his grandfather, he also describes about his grandfathers way of digging. Slicing neatly. (Stanza 7) Cut more turf than any over man. (Stanza 6) The Slicing neatly quote proves that he was good at his job. It also shows that he had a commitment for what he was doing. Like his son, his technique must have been of high quality. The quote Cut more turf than any other man shows that he was a quick worker but also shows that Seamus is proud of what his father and grandfather do. The overall message that Seamus Heaney is trying to inform is that you dont have to follow in your familys footsteps. But Ive no spade to follow men like them. (Stanza 8) I think what this quote means is that from the start, Seamus Heaney knew that he could never be as good at digging as his father and grandfather. It might not have been that he didnt want to, I think its just that he didnt want to disappoint his familys tradition by doing it wrong. The squat pen rests. Ill dig with it. (Stanza 9) In the end Seamus Heaneys decision to become a poet was an understandable decision. Using the quote, Seamus couldnt become a digger for all kinds of reasons but then described that he could write the same way as his family digs. By God, the old man could handle a spade. Just like his old man. (Stanza 5) Using his familys skills of digging, Seamus Heaney created a simile towards his occupation. He put his effort into writing like his family did with digging and dug with his pen like they did with their spades. I thought the point of the poem was easy to understand in the way that the poet was trying to get it across. I think that Seamus Heaney was making sure that the reader would understand what it was like to hear his family digging with onomatopoeic words, Rasping. He wanted to make sure that the reader knew how good his family was at digging so that they knew he couldnt compare with them. But Ive no spade to follow men like them. (Stanza 8) I agree with the message about not having to follow in your familys footsteps or doing something you dont want to do. If you are skilled at something else, like Seamus Heaney, that person should follow their instincts. It was also an amazing comparison to relate digging to writing. Pen rests. Ill dig with it. (Stanza 9) The message in Digging was successful because it was written with a purpose and a meaning. In some cases, the message in the poem is written with out any thought towards the reader. This time Seamus Heaney wrote a message that had a meaning, which could be used in other peoples lives. Following the discussion of Digging I am now going to compare it with the poem Catrin written by Gillian Clarke. The similarity between both poems is that they have a general link to do with parent and child. In Digging Seamus Heaney the poet talks about how his father works as a digger and that he couldnt compare with him as his skills laid as a poet. In Catrin there is a bond between a mother and daughter. The mother cant understand how her daughter has grown up since the day at the hospital. The language used in both poems seems to be differed through most of the content. In the Digging poem the language used by the poet is presented in the way that he is talking about his family. Till his straining rump among the flowerbeds. (Stanza 3) In the Catrin poem the language is used differently, in fact quite the opposite. Comparing with the Digging poem, Catrin is written in a way that the mother is talking to the child instead of talking about the child. I remember you, child as I stood in a hot white room. (Lines 1-3) The way in which Digging is laid out is also different compared to Catrin. Seamus Heaney spreads out the poem into nine paragraphs. The language in all nine are about feelings but is harder to understand then Catrin. Gillian Clarke presents the poem into two paragraphs. One is about the past and the other present. This technique is easier to understand rather than Seamus Heaneys. For my conclusion I will be discussing the questions: .Which are the most significant links between the poems? . What are the major differences between both poems? . Is there more linking the poems then separating them? . Is there one poem that you could identify more with than the other? . Do you think one of the poems is more successful than the other in presenting its message? The most significant link between the two poems is of course the parent and child situation. In the Digging poem there is a father and son who have a bond. Even though the son didnt follow in his fathers footsteps in digging, he described that he was going to write just the same, as his father would dig. The squat pen rests. Ill dig with it (Stanza 9) In the Catrin poem there is a mother and a daughter who also have a bond. The similarities are that the younger generation in both families takes after their older relatives even though they dont do the same work. The major difference between the poems is that in Digging the son is imagining about his father. He talks about how he remembers his father digging under his window and the sounds he use to hear. These are the memories of what has happened. In Catrin the difference is that the mother is talking about her daughter. She talks about the past but also talks about whats actually happening in the present. I think that the poems are more similar than dissimilar. My reasons are that in both poems the people in it are parent and child and both show the same feelings. In Digging the son shows that he is happy about the memories of his father. This is linked with the mother in Catrin who remembers the birth of her daughter, which is a pleasant memory to her. I dont think there is much difference between the poems so I couldnt identify one from the other. The layout of Catrin though was easier to understand compared to digging. One paragraph of happy memories and one of worried feelings made it easy to get the message. In Digging the spaced out paragraphs made it harder to understand as the information was changing in every stanza. My personal opinion is that Catrin is a more successful poem as the layout of the poem made it easier to understand the message.

Global Marketing The WritePass Journal

Global Marketing Introduction and Company Background Global Marketing , p. 61). Additionally, the consumers are increasingly becoming aware of their health issues which change their attitudes towards food. Tesco Plc has had to adopt its marketing mix in order to accommodate the increased demand for organic products. It was also the first to allow customers to make payments using cheques and cash at the checkout. Demographics The demographic changes in the UK population like aging population and more female workers mean that there is a decline in home meal preparation in the country. The company has increased food supply in its stores in order to satisfy the needs of such customers. The same approach is replicated in its international stores as it provides the local foods like whale meat in Japan and other foods in Malaysia and South Korea (Cunningham Harney 2012, p. 90). Technological Factors Many products of the company have of the company have been influenced by technology. Technology is therefore a major macro environmental factor that benefits both the company and the customers (Baines et al 2013, p. 77). The customers are satisfied through more personalised and convenient shopping while the company benefits through the development of an efficient supply chain. Environmental Factors Companies are currently facing increased pressure to acknowledge their responsibility to the society. The companies are required to operate in a way that benefits the society (Bradley 2005, p. 33). Tesco has been accused of selling genetically modified foods to children. The focus of the corporate social responsibility of the company is to comply with regulations and its corporate governance policy. Legal Factors Tesco Plc is required to comply with the different policies and legislations of the countries in which it has operations. For example in Malaysia it faced restrictions that limit its expansion in the country. The company has lowered the prices of some goods to comply with the pricing policies of different countries in which it has business operations. Internal Environmental Analysis Although Tesco PLC has operations in different countries across the world, its core operations are in the United Kingdom which accounts for over 60% of its sales. This study will use different theoretical models in analysing the external environment of the company. The company continuously upgrades its ordering system, in- store processes and vendor list to improve the efficiency of its operations. It uses information technology to maintain its low priced leadership approach to supply chain management.   The EPRG framework will be used to analyse Tesco PLC foreign marketing involvement. The company has to re-orient itself and align its operations to fit into the different levels of operational activities that a particular market segment requires. The EPRG framework assesses four types of orientation of a firm towards foreign marketing. It is very useful in helping companies asses and determine their operational strategies as it relates closely to the marketing mix. The strategies c hosen by the company for each variable determines its overall operational strategy. The table below shows the EPRG analysis and marketing mix of Tesco PLC. Product The products of Tesco PLC are a mix of ethnocentric and regiocentric. The products that the company sells do not fit into all its market segments. Instead it sells products that are suitable for the respective regions in order to maximise sales (Thoenig Waldman 2007, p. 111). The international expansion of the company takes into account the different tastes of the respective market segments. For instance it devoted a very big attention to the needs of the customers while venturing into the central European market as is reflected in the product line (Glowik Smyczek 2011, p. 117). In the Czech Republic the company concentrated on providing the Czech products through retail shops. The same goes to China where the local consumers prefer buying live fish and turtles and other instant noodles unlike in the European market. Tesco PLC had to provide these products to the Chinese market in order to attract the Chinese customers. The other example is in Thailand where the company had to adap t to the shopping habits of the Thai customers by introducing the fresh market hall to serve the interests of these customers who spent a huge proportion of their income on fresh foods. These new adjustments were introduced by the company to help it penetrate the new markets because some of these provisions are not available in its operations in the United Kingdom. The website of the company is also translated into the languages of the specific market segments to ensure that the prospective and existent customers get the latest information on the products on sale and offers if any. The other aspects of the company like online marketing and sales are consistently available in all the market segments. Promotion Tesco PLC uses a mixture of both ethnocentric and polycentric promotional strategy. Although most of its promotional activities are those used in the United Kingdom, it also utilises the needs and characteristics of the particular market in formulating its promotional strategies (Humby et al 2008, p.68). For example Tesco PLC implemented a strong plan for addressing parts of its offer to the customers in Thailand. The measures included remerchandising of its clubpack range of bulk products. It particularly targeted the small traders who shop regularly with the company. Another example is Poland where the company is launching a turnaround plan to improve its presentation of fresh food and is even introducing new concepts like bistro dining in order to differentiate itself from competition (Gunn 2009, p. 139). These plans are in some ways similar to the build better Tesco strategy being used in the United Kingdom but are a little adjusted to best serve the interests of the local market . Price Tesco PLC pursues a predominantly polycentric pricing approach in its international markets. The company attempts to organise its marketing activities based on the specific countries of operation (Humby et al 2008, p. 198). It treats each country differently and formulates strategies that suit the specific local needs of the consumers. As such the prices of its products vary across different market segments depending on demand, income levels and demographics.   For instance having had a difficult time in Ireland, the company launched pricing initiatives aimed at combating discounters and counter the lower prices offered by its competitors. The company reduced the prices in the stores particularly those close to the Irish border and has plans of extending the same to the rest of its stores in the country in the long run. The same low pricing strategy was also used by the company in Malaysia in order to attract more customers. In the other markets like England and Poland the prices a re a little higher because they are sustainable for those market segments. In essence, Tesco PLC tries to ensure that the products and their prices fit into the demands of that particular market segment in question. People The management orientation of Tesco PLC has elements of both geocentric and polycentric influence. The global expansion of the company has been accompanied by teams that focus on both global and local markets. Its international expansion strategy has mainly been through joint ventures with the local partner firms in order to be sensitive to the needs of the local markets (Maynard 2013, p. 33). The company retains the employees of the partnering firms and continues with the approach of employing the local people because they are well placed to serve the needs of the local consumers.   These local personnel are maintained by the company especially in the middle and low management positions because they are better placed to serve the needs of the local market than the foreign expatriates. Place and Process The process of Tesco PLC is a mix of polycentric and geocentric. The company has adopted a global approach in some of its operations as it has designed its value chain in a manner that ensures that it minimises its operational costs. For instance when it came apparent that it was critical to reduce the prices of products in its stores in Ireland, Tesco PLC decided to drop its suppliers in the country in preference for favourable ones elsewhere. The management of the company has established its distribution channels to facilitate the movement of its products across the different regional and national markets (Zentes et al 2011, p.173). The process of the company also has some elements of polycentric approach because it uses some strategies based on particular countries.   For instance in Asia it treats all the countries differently based their product demands are different making it impossible for the company to use the geocentric approach.  Ã‚   As such it acquires the products f rom the local suppliers and uses local marketing channels for serving the needs of that particular market segment. The polycentric approach has helped the company penetrate into difficult markets like Malaysia, China and South Korea as these countries have significant political, economic and cultural differences with the United Kingdom (Zentes et al 2011, p. 45). The products of the company are sold in its stores which it rents in the major malls and shopping centres whenever it finds space or builds its own   stores in cases where that is the best option for the market segment. The place can be said to be polycentric because the products are mostly in the big cities where there are many consumers with the ability to buy its products. The polycentric approach enables the company to strategically position itself in the markets in order to reach as many customers as possible. Proactive Market Research The uses a polycentric approach in research and new product development because the needs of its customers in the different market segments are very diverse. In addition to this, some market segments like the American market have big industrial players like Wal-Mart who have a large base of loyal customers making it difficult to venture into such markets with an ethnocentric approach. Proliferation of the Brand The products of the company are standardised around the world to ensure that they are distinct and meet the required company standards. TOWS ANALYSIS of Tesco Plc The TOWS analysis will be used to analyse both the internal and external factors in order to provide a holistic view of the position and direction of the company. The figure below shows a combination of the TOWS analysis that combines the DEEPLETERS analysis with the competitive advantages and EPRG model.          INTERNAL STRENGTHS Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strong global brand   and high brand exposure Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strong core UK market Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strong and stable growth in Asia Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚   Financially sound Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚   Variety of products to appeal to different consumers INTERNAL WEAKNESES Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ethnocentric reliance on the UK market Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stagnant or negative sales in some developed countries Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   High price elasticity due to competition and low costs of customers switching to other brands and loyalty Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Resistance to large firms in some countries EXTERNAL OPPORTUNITIES    SO Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Continue entering appropriate markets across the globe Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Continue building on cost efficient pricing to attract more customers Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Go into new markets and buy local retailers to gain market share WO Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Explore ways of reducing their operational costs in order to reduce prices for the consumers Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase the efficiency of its business process and supply chain Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Capitalise on the opportunities present in the developing world by opening more stores there    EXTERNAL THREATS    Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increased competition from other well established brands Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Political and legal opposition against expansion in some economies Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Contracting consumer expenditures in Europe that reduce the demand for the non-basic goods Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economic reforms may threaten multinationals like the finances and operations of Tesco Plc          ST       Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Remain ahead of its competitors in terms of research and innovation in order to give the customers what they want Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Contribute to the society in which it operates to limit the political and legal barriers that inhibit its growth WT       Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase the awareness of the brand through advertisement Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Withdraw from the markets that are not performing well and use the funds to support other operations of the company    The above analysis reveals that the company is on the right path as it has enacted mechanisms that will help it capitalise on its strengths and address its weaknesses. For instance the company has closed some of its international businesses that are not performing well like in the United States to reduce on loses. The company has also increased its operations in China and is focused in strengthening its presence in the emerging economies in Asia. Additionally, it is employing more local people and complying with the local regulations to reduce opposition against its operations in some economies. Opportunity Identification Analysis of opportunity identification will be done using the BCG Matrix. The Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG) is important in analysing how companies allocate resources (Maynard 2013, p.81). The matrix splits the products of the company into four categories that determine how much money the company should invest in them. The categories are as follows: Cash cows should be used by the company for profits as much as possible Stars should receive investments so that they become the next cash cows Dogs have low share of market growth and should be sold as they depress the performance of the company Question marks have low share of high growth market and have the potential of becoming stars or dogs. The high street shops of the company are the cash cows. Tesco Plc has approximately 30% of market share in this division although the growth of the division has been very slow. The online operations of the company are the stars. The company is the largest online grocer in the United Kingdom. Tesco Plc should make more investments in this sector to improve its online offering because e-commerce is growing rapidly. The question marks of the company include video on demand service and blinkbox which face high competition from the big industrial players. The company should decide on the appropriate level of investments needed for turning this division into star. The Fresh and Easy operation in the United States was a dog and that is why the company decided to pull out of the country. Positioning/ targeting The targeting strategy of Tesco Plc includes people of all ages and it offers a wide range of products to meet the demands of the customers. The company focuses on the specifications of products that are close to those of the rival companies in order to try and win customers from such companies. For instance it offers fresh and unreserved goods because people spend more money buying fresh products. In addition to product specifications, the company also prices its products fairly to attract more customers because households are very sensitive to price. Conclusion The findings of this study reveal that the strategies being pursued by Tesco Plc in its international expansion are in line with strategic models. The company identifies the opportunities present in the business environment and then devises the strategies for exploiting them. It has also adopted entry strategies like joint ventures and acquisitions for expanding into the international market. Such approach has helped the company expand its distribution network and win over the local markets by giving the customers a local approach. The company has also closed down the international businesses that are not doing well in the United States and Japan to reduce on loses and help it focus on other profitable markets. The company must continue to exploit the potential emerging markets and also looks for mechanisms of outdoing its major competitors. References Applegate, E., Johnsen, A. (2007). Cases in advertising and marketing management: Real situations for tomorrows managers. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Baines, P., Fill, C., Page, K. (2013). Essentials of marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bradley, F. (2005). International marketing strategy. New York: FT/Prentice Hall. Cunningham, J., Harney, B. (2012). Strategy strategists. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Glowik, M., Smyczek, S. (2011). International marketing management: Strategies, concepts and cases in Europe. München: Oldenbourg. Gunn, M. (2009). Trading regime analysis: The probability of volatility. Chichester, England: Wiley. Humby, C., Hunt, T., Phillips, T. (2008). Scoring Points: How Tesco Continues to Win Customer Loyalty. London: Kogan Page. Maynard, J. (2013). Financial accounting, reporting, and analysis. Oxford: Oxford university press McLoughlin, D., Aaker, D. A. (2010). Strategic market management: Global perspectives. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Pradhan, S. (2009). Retailing management: Text and cases. New Delhi, India: Tata Mcgraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd. Richter, T. (2012). International marketing mix management: Theoretical framework, contingency factors and empirical findings from world-markets. Berlin: Logos. Thoenig, J.-C., Waldman, C. (2007). The marking enterprise: Business success and societal embedding. Basingstoke [England: Palgrave Macmillan. Zentes, J., Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. (2011). Strategic retail management: Text and international cases. Wiesbaden: Gabler.   Appendix Ethnocentric Polycentric Regiocentric Geocentric Ethnocentric Proliferation of the Brand Promotion product Polycentric Price / place/ Proactive Market Research Regiocentric Geocentric People / process

Healing Hospital- A Daring Paradigm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healing Hospital- A Daring Paradigm - Essay Example The patients rest assured that the treatment they encounter from the hospital is one of happy face and effective clinical attention and care. Chapman (2003) describes a Healing Hospital as being about loving services to other individuals. Components of the healing hospital The components of a healing hospital paradigm are a composition of every aspect of the individual. These are the physical appearance, mental status and the spiritual aspect. Ferrelli and Pulchaski (2010) asserts that as an element of healing of this paradigm, addressing the cognition of the family, emotions, and spiritual aspects can assist in coping. Care goes past the physical concerns and there is an involvement of a holistic approach. (Chapman, 2003) opposes the idea that a Healing Hospital is built with just bricks and mortar. It features three important qualities, which are strong and dedicated leadership, systems and structures, and communication through dialogue. A strong and dedicated leadership from the t op management to the bottom levels is important because it makes the operations of the hospital to run smoothly. It supports the theme of caring, and it is based on love. Healing hospitals majorly use the three signs of loving services (Chapman, 2003). A Golden Thread, which symbolises hope and faith in God, which is a representation of positive culture of healing. A sign of intersecting circles symbolizing hope that gets into and out of the people’s heart when they experience love. When these two signs are combined with the other components, they bring the caring aspect of the healing hospitals. The healing hospital and spirituality The spirituality of a healing hospital begins with the top management down to the bottom management and then the employees. These hospitals should have set standards to serve the whole community with care. This eventually results to spiritual combination that involves the individuals’ body and the spirit, Koeniq (2007). Both the combinatio n of healing and spirituality should be the focus of each patient’s stay in a healing hospital. Spirituality has been observed to have a positive effect on one’s well being because the body, mind, and spirit together work as a unit (Ferrelli & Pulchaski, 2010). For this matter therefore, healing hospitals have to be beyond the ordinary place of treatment but also a place of spiritual fulfillment. This is because spirituality has been observed to form a fundamental part of every person’s life (Koeniq, 2007). It is therefore not a matter of choice but a necessity of nursing practice and the medical regulating bodies. These bodies demand that spiritual care be part of initial plan of patient care. The function of the healing hospitals started long during the time of Jesus on earth. They are a reflection of what God can do only if we believe that we can be healed. 1 Corinthians chapter 12 verse 28, states that â€Å"God has set some in the church, first apostles, s econd prophets, third teachers, then gifts of healings, helps, governments . . .† This is an indication that God gave the power of healing and it is reflected in the healing hospitals of today, which are not so much into the financial part of their operations but on the well-being of individuals the same way that God cares for people free of charge. Matthew 9:2 states that â€Å"and behold they brought to him a man sick of the palsy, lying on a bed: and Jesus seeing their faith said unto the sick of the palsy . . .† Jesus healed the sick using the power of God as the healing hospi